Irrigation holds off global warming effects on farmland

By Betsy Mason

CONTRA COSTA TIMES

September 14, 2006

- California 's agricultural lands have largely escaped the effects of global warming, but the honeymoon may soon be over.

New research suggests that irrigation has kept croplands cool, essentially countering rising temperatures caused by greenhouse gas emissions over the last half century. But in the future, global warming will win out and agricultural areas will see hotter temperatures.

"When you irrigate the land it causes cooling that is almost equal in magnitude to the global warming effect," said climate scientist Lisa Sloan of UC Santa Cruz. "Changing the land surface can change regional climate a lot."

California has millions of acres of irrigated land that supports a $25 billion agricultural industry, the most important in the country, which stands to take a big hit from future warming.

And the impact may be compounded by the predicted decreases in water available for agriculture in the state due to global warming. This in turn would cause more reductions in water supply, which would further restrict irrigation.

"If our water gets cut back and we stop irrigating, suddenly we could double the warming," Sloan said at the Climate Change Conference in Sacramento on Thursday.

The cooling from irrigation explains why computer models that simulate climate were consistently overestimating past summer temperatures in agricultural areas, researchers said Thursday.

"The fact that irrigation has a strong effect on summer temperatures helps us understand why our models were wrong," said climate scientist David Lobell of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, who also studies the effect of irrigation on climate. When irrigation is accounted for in these models, they come much closer to the actual recorded summer temperatures in these areas.

But winter temperatures have been rising as expected, which is causing problems for some farmers who complain of changes such as a decrease in the number of "chill hours" below 45 degrees that fruit trees need to flower.

Biological meteorologist Dennis Baldocchi of UC Berkeley looked at temperature records for several agricultural areas in the state, including the Brentwood area, and found that the farmers are right.

"In Brentwood we're actually seeing a very significant negative trend in winter chill," he said.

Once global warming overcomes the cooling effect of irrigation, summer crops will begin having serious problems as well.

"It's been suppressed and held back by irrigation," said Lobell of Livermore Lab. "But in the future that constraint on temperature won't be there anymore."

Reach Betsy Mason at bmason@cctimes.com or 925-847-2158.

 

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