Altering the landscape

Siana Wong, left, uses a Secchi disk to help determine water quality while Melody Warner records data. H&N photo by Lee Juillerat

Steps taken to provide habitat for endangered suckers

By LEE JUILLERAT
H&N Regional Editor

A map showing the areas of the Williamson River delta flooded when levees were breached in 2008 and 2008 in an attempt to protect habitat for suckers.

Each of the breaches was a half-mile wide, a startling distance made real when viewing one of the openings marked by trees at both ends of the remaining levees.

Last October more openings were created in a less dramatic fashion with heavy equipment that unplugged sections of adjacent Goose Bay.

Crews have also scraped levees, leaving them low enough that they disappear during spring’s high water, and high enough that they emerge as mud flats or linear islands when Upper Klamath Lake’s water levels seasonally drop by mid-summer.

What can’t easily be seen are schools of young shortnosed and Lost River suckers, two endangered species.

Improving numbers

Hendrixson, a fisheries biologist, terms efforts to improve the suckers’ habitat as a work in progress, but says indications point to success in improving the numbers of larval, or very young, fish.

“To say what effect on sucker populations is going be, we have to wait for a few years,” she says, adding that early studies indicate the endangered fish are living and breeding in areas reopened by breaching. “It’s been really neat, seeing the fish, seeing the vegetation and seeing all the birds come back.”

7,500 acres

While the preserve spans 7,500 acres, about 5,500 acres have been flooded, including about 3,500 acres in wetlands. Another 800 acres remain in production. Leaseholder Jim Gallagher is growing organic alfalfa.

“It’s hard to appreciate the magnitude of the change,” says Mark Stern, the Klamath conservation area director, who’s been involved with efforts to return the area to its former conditions for more than a dozen years.

Historically, Stern says, the Williamson River Delta was a sprawling expanse of marsh and lake-fringe habitat. That changed in the 1950s when landowners began building levees to create farmlands.

In the 1990s, because of concerns about disappearing sucker populations, returning those lands to their natural condition became a goal of the Hatfield Upper Basin Working Group, a coalition of citizens and government groups formed to protect and restore wetlands.

The Nature Conservancy bought Tulana Farms in 1996 and neighboring Goose Bay in 1999.

Breaching the entire 22 miles of levees is economically impossible, so water flow studies were used to identify sections that could be blown or mechanically carved to best create wetlands.

“The wetlands have responded really well,” Stern says of the abundant birds, vegetation and, most importantly to him, suckers. “The ingredient seems to be, add water.”

There are no plans to breach more levees, but Hendrixson believes the delta will continue to naturally change.

“I don’t think they’ll every be an end-point where they say it’s complete because it’s always changing and evolving,” Hendrixson says.

The Nature Conservancy’s role

The Nature Conservancy paid $5,933.67 in Klamath County property taxes last year for the Williamson River Delta property, according to Stephen Anderson, the group’s communications director.

The Conservancy’s total tax payments to Klamath County, including the Sycan Marsh Preserve, were $9,526.11.

Klamath County commissioners had expressed a desire the properties that are part of the Williamson River Delta remain in private ownership to ensure property tax payments would continue. Although the Conservancy is eligible to not pay, Anderson says annual taxes are paid to benefit local communities.

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