Fishers brace for salmon scarcity

Olivia Wu - Wednesday, May 4, 2005

San Francisco Chronicle

The commercial salmon season opened on Sunday with forecasts of a bumper crop of 1.6 million wild salmon available on the Northern California coast.

But those who catch them, sell them and cook them for a living find their hands tied. The 2005 season has been squeezed by severe geographic and time limits, resulting in almost a complete closure in June.

Consumers scanning the seafood selection in markets are likely to see a small number of local, wild king salmon side by side with frozen wild salmon from last year and from Alaska . Prices for the fresh local salmon are apt to be higher.

The situation is akin to saying that the sun will be out all over Northern California, but you're allowed catch the rays only if you're in Santa Cruz or Monterey.

Here's why: The Klamath River is low in salmon stocks this year because so much of the river's water was diverted to farms suffering from the drought of 2002. As a result, huge numbers of salmon were killed. To make sure enough Klamath River salmon return to spawn, other Pacific salmon that mingle with the Klamath, including those that gather to swim back to the Sacramento River, must be left alone. The Sacramento River is the where most California Pacific salmon return to spawn.

"It's just real bad luck," says Jay Harlow, editor and publisher of the Seafood Monitor, an online consumer/trade newsletter.

A supreme irony

Everyone I spoke to who cooks or fishes for salmon for a living agrees. Some go further and call it a calamity, a disaster -- and a supreme irony.

Take, for example, the calamity felt by the cooks at Fish in Sausalito . They were prepared to catch salmon in their own boat, purchased by chef-owner Chad Callahan, in the off-season. Committed to sustainable seafood, Callahan wanted the experience of catching his own fish with a three-man crew of his kitchen staff, to better understand the hardships of his suppliers.

"I was putting my money where my mouth was," he says.

Or take the irony that burns in Duncan MacLean's belly. MacLean fishes out of Half Moon Bay. Two years ago on the Fourth of July, he was handing out free wild salmon from his boat to protest the unbearably low prices caused by farmed salmon.

Now, folks are clamoring for wild Pacific salmon. "You finally get a chance, and they shut us down for it," he says.

Then there's the sense of disaster felt by Barbara Emley, who has fished salmon commercially for 20 years. Based at Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco , she and her husband, Larry Collins, have watched as their fellow fisherpeople dwindled in numbers from a fleet of 4,800 permits to the current 1,000 permits.

"We don't have access to the waters where we know the fish are," she says. "This is the worst season in opportunity we've ever had."

Emley and two others represented commercial salmon fishers in meetings of the Pacific Fisheries Management Council to thrash out an agreement with state officials and scientists.

"If it were not for the Klamath, this would be a huge year. California salmon would be abundant and we would be enjoying it and exporting it," Harlow says. "At a time when the world is clamoring for wild salmon, we've got a huge population that we can't catch."

Hard choices

Emley says the representatives anguished over setting moratoriums for certain months, especially during June, normally the month when the most fish are caught. In the final agreement, Emley gave up the area on the north and central coasts in exchange for more time at sea, albeit way south.

"You always struggle with whether the decision you make goes with where the fish are. We got the highest number of days on the ocean that we could squeeze out," she says.

Her theory is that having some salmon, rather than none at all, would pacify consumers. The wild Pacific salmon season is open in May from Pigeon Point and south; in June from Point Sur and south. In May and June, when salmon coalesce at Point Arena and north, those fishing grounds will be closed.

From July 4 through August, the season is open from Point Arena ( Mendocino County ) south. In September, it is open from Shelter Cove (Mendocino) south.

In short, the commercial fleet will be kept far away from where most of the fish will be. Because of the high price of diesel fuel, many fishers will sit out the season.

"We hope people will still want to buy them in the store. We hope they're not too expensive, or we'll lose the market we started getting back (from farmed salmon)," Emley says.

Experts estimate that the regulations will affect price, point of sale and freshness of the fish. With the fishery confined to the south, most boats will not make the return trip to harbors in San Francisco and Bodega bays, and Fort Bragg , for example. Direct sales off boats, one of the best ways to support fisherpeople and to buy the freshest fish, will be limited.

Emley says she will not return to San Francisco with her catch as usual; instead she will land it and sell it farther south. However, MacLean expects that sales will still be made off boats in Half Moon Bay.

More frozen salmon

Most fishers anticipate that boats will unload their catch either in Santa Cruz , Morro Bay , Monterey Bay or Moss Landing. The salmon will then be trucked up to the Bay Area.

For retailers like Ted Iijima, fish department manager for Berkeley Bowl who has often bought his fish directly off the boats, that means higher cost and fish that aren't quite as fresh.

Iijima expects to sell a lot of frozen local salmon from last year, as well as frozen salmon from Alaska , Canada and Washington . He estimates frozen salmon will sell for $10 or less per pound, and fresh for $13 to $15 per pound.

More than ever, it's important for consumers to ask where fish are caught, whether they have been previously frozen, and to work with a reputable fishmonger. Last month, some New York stores were discovered selling farmed salmon as wild salmon. It would be just as easy for unethical retailers to pass off last year's frozen wild salmon for this year's fresh salmon, some say.

"If people in New York are selling farmed salmon for wild, you gotta figure it's gonna happen," Iijima says.

There are many unknowns about this season, especially for Fish's Callahan and his new boat and crew, who are first-timers in a way of life most people are leaving. "We're going out on the days we're allowed to go, and fish as much as we can," he says.

Callahan, like others, says one of the best strategies for wild-salmon- hungry consumers may be to befriend recreational fisherpeople, who are not restricted by the same rules, or to go catch your own. Then freeze the fish carefully, wrapping it in good waxed paper and plastic wrap, then sealing and wrapping again. The goal is to slow the formation of ice crystals on the flesh. Salmon frozen at home is best eaten within three months, he says.

Callahan hopes to stockpile his catch for Fish's retail market and restaurant by freezing it and by making hot-smoked salmon. Here are four of his recipes, which work well with both fresh and frozen salmon.

 

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Source:  http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/05/04/FDGBICGTKQ1.DTL